In a surprising shift amidst a series of export restrictions, the Indian government has granted a limited exemption for Kalanamak rice. Previously subject to a complete ban on non-basmati white rice exports, this aromatic black rice variety from Uttar Pradesh can now be exported in a controlled quantity of up to 1,000 metric tonnes through designated customs stations.
This move signifies a potential change in policy towards specialty rice varieties. Let’s delve deeper into the story of Kalanamak rice and explore the implications for regional producers.
What is Kalanamak Rice? A Rice Steeped in History & Flavor
Kalanamak rice, instantly recognizable by its jet-black husk, is more than just a visually striking grain. Renowned for its distinct fragrance and unique taste, it holds significant cultural value in Uttar Pradesh.
Legend associates it with Lord Buddha, who is believed to have gifted this rice to the people of Sravasti. Protected by a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 11 districts Bahraich, Balrampur, Basti, Deoria, Gonda, Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Maharajganj, Santkabirnagar, Shravasti, and Siddharthnagar, Kalanamak rice production is concentrated in this region.
Notably, the government has recently released new rice varieties developed by the Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI) – Pusa Narendra Kalanamak 1638 and Pusa Narendra Kalanamak 1652 in 2022.
Lifting the Ban: A Boon for Farmers and Foodies?
The decision to allow limited exports of Kalanamak rice stems from a request by the Uttar Pradesh government. In response, the Union Food Ministry is considering allowing shipments through a port in Tamil Nadu upon certification by the Uttar Pradesh government.
This move addresses concerns raised by farmers facing price woes due to the broader non-basmati rice export ban. By opening a controlled export channel, the government aims to create new opportunities for Kalanamak producers. The designated customs stations for these exports are strategically chosen, including air cargo facilities and land crossings. This ensures efficient movement of the rice while maintaining control over the quantity exported.
According to the Directorate General of Foreign Trade’s notification, the Director of Agriculture Marketing & Foreign Trade in Lucknow will serve as the authorized signatory for certifying Kala Namak rice and its quantity which is adding another layer of control by the government.
The designated customs stations for Kala Namak rice exports include Varanasi Air Cargo, JNCH (Jawaharlal Nehru Customs House) in Maharashtra, CH (Customs House) Kandla in Gujarat, LCS (Land Customs Station) Nepalgunj Road, LCS Sonauli, and LCS Barhni.
A Glimpse into a Shifting Policy Landscape
The limited exemption for Kalanamak rice exports comes amidst a wider context of export restrictions on rice. Driven by concerns about food security and domestic price stability, the government has imposed a 20% duty on white rice exports and banned broken rice exports entirely. However, exceptions exist for specific countries facing food shortages, with quotas allocated based on government approval.
Beyond “Non-Basmati”: Recognizing Specialty Rice
Experts see the Kalanamak case as a potential turning point in India’s rice export policy. The current blanket term “non-basmati” fails to capture the vast diversity within this category. Varieties like Kalanamak, Gobindobhog (from West Bengal), and Tulaipanji (also from West Bengal) possess unique characteristics and regional significance.
Policymakers are recognizing this diversity. In January 2024, the government introduced rules for Gobindabhog and Tulaipanji, signaling a policy shift towards promoting regional specialty rice varieties is another positive step.
Additionally, the Ministry of Agriculture has established grading and marketing regulations for five premium non-basmati rice varieties in West Bengal. These initiatives highlight a growing focus on promoting regional specialties.
Moving Forward: Balancing Food Security with Regional Growth
The limited export allowance for Kalanamak rice offers a glimmer of hope for specialty rice producers. It demonstrates the government’s willingness to consider exceptions for high-value, niche varieties. However, ensuring food security remains a top priority. Finding the right balance between supporting regional agriculture and maintaining domestic rice supplies will be crucial as India navigates its rice export policy.
Here we conclude, While the total export quantity of 1,000 metric tonnes is relatively small, it paves the way for potential future relaxations. As India’s rice export policy evolves, recognizing the value of specialty rice varieties like Kalanamak can unlock new avenues for regional economic growth, while still prioritizing the nation’s food security needs.
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